What’s Happening to Commercial Bee Colonies?

As U.S. commercial beekeepers inspect their colonies post-winter, a disturbing trend is emerging—massive honeybee losses exceeding 50%, with some beekeepers experiencing nearly 100% die-offs. With more than 90% of the nation’s managed bees required for California’s almond pollination, these losses could have severe implications for food security.

Early data from 234 beekeepers estimate financial damages surpassing $139 million. These declines echo symptoms of the infamous Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) of 2007-2008, where colonies perished despite ample honey stores, leaving behind only small patches of brood with adult bees mysteriously missing.

The Scope of the Crisis

These sudden die-offs mirror a similar catastrophe two years ago when Florida beekeepers lost up to 90% of their colonies. At that time, researchers worked with the USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory in Maryland to analyze parasites, pathogens, and pesticide exposure. A similar response is now underway in 2025 as experts race to determine the cause of this year’s devastating losses.

The Search for Answers

A rapid-response collaboration between Project Apis m., the American Beekeeping Federation, the American Honey Producers Association, and apiculture researchers is underway. Initial surveys confirm the losses are nationwide and severe, but traditional causes—such as winter mismanagement or high Varroa mite infestations—do not appear to be primary culprits.

USDA-ARS researchers have mobilized to collect and analyze samples from affected colonies, prioritizing the identification of potential threats. The investigation will screen for:

  • Viral infections in deceased and surviving bees
  • Varroa mite resistance genes to Amitraz treatments
  • Pesticide residues in adult bees, wax, and pollen
  • Genetic markers for novel pathogens and microbial shifts

What’s Next for Beekeepers?

With samples currently under analysis, the next few months will be critical in determining the cause of these widespread losses. Here’s what beekeepers and the public should know:

  • A public webinar in early March will present findings from scientists analyzing samples.
  • Beekeepers involved in the study will receive direct updates on research outcomes.
  • Critical insights, such as confirmed pesticide threats or Varroa resistance, will be shared immediately.
  • Comprehensive pesticide and RNA sequencing data will be published in peer-reviewed journals.

How Beekeepers Can Take Action

Beekeepers are encouraged to contribute to the ongoing investigation:

  • File ELAP Claims: Beekeepers facing financial losses should submit claims under the USDA’s ELAP program: ELAP Information

The Urgent Need for Solutions

The scale of honeybee losses in 2025 is raising alarms across the agricultural sector. With a multi-organization task force working to uncover the root cause, beekeepers and policymakers must prepare for potential long-term changes in hive management, pesticide regulations, and pollination strategies.

The survival of U.S. honeybee colonies—and the food crops they sustain—depends on swift, science-backed action.